VAT Explained: What Businesses Need to Know

Value Added Tax (VAT) is a consumption tax that businesses must charge on most goods and services. Understanding VAT is essential for business owners, especially those with taxable turnovers above the threshold, as they are legally required to register for VAT.

VAT Rates in the UK

• Standard Rate (20%): This applies to most goods and services.
• Reduced Rate (5%): Some items, such as home energy and children's car seats, qualify for a lower VAT rate.
• Zero Rate (0%): Certain goods, including books and most food, are exempt from VAT.

How VAT Works

Businesses registered for VAT must:

• Charge VAT on sales.
• Reclaim VAT on business expenses.
• Submit VAT returns to HMRC regularly.

Example Calculation

VAT Payable = (Total Sales - Total Purchases) × VAT Rate

Failing to register or comply with VAT regulations can result in penalties. Therefore, businesses should ensure they maintain accurate records and file returns on time.